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Michael Ames Viner ( ; February 27, 1944 – August 8, 2009) was an American film producer and record producer, who later shifted into book publishing and became an innovator in the audiobook field. A widely sampled percussion break in the recording of the song "Apache" by the Incredible Bongo Band, a group he assembled in the early 1970s, has been frequently integrated into many hip hop recordings. ==Life and career== Viner was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Jeanne (née Spitzel) and Melvin Viner.〔Adam Bernstein, ("Jeanne Viner Bell, 85; Public Relations Expert" ), ''The Washington Post'', May 22, 2008.〕 Viner attended the Chadwick School in Palos Verdes, California, majored in English at Harvard University, and studied at the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. He worked on Robert F. Kennedy's 1968 presidential campaign.〔Elaine Woo, ("Michael Viner dies at 65; tabloid book publisher" ), ''Los Angeles Times'', August 13, 2009.〕 Viner began his entertainment industry career working summers during high school in the mail room at Twentieth Century Fox; after Kennedy's assassination, he worked for movie studios, and ran a record division called Pride for MGM.〔 He was the producer of the inaugural ball for President Richard Nixon in 1973.〔Michaelangelo Matos, ("Remembering Michael Viner, The Man Who Recorded “Apache”" ), ''Rolling Stone'', August 14, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.〕 Viner produced a record in 1970 called ''The Best of Marcel Marceau'', a joke album that featured silence from the mime artist, followed by applause from an audience. Though produced for under $50, the album led to a production deal with Mike Curb at MGM Records, where he helped produce a cover version of ''The Candy Man'', which was a chart-topping hit for Sammy Davis, Jr. in 1972.〔 He assembled the Incredible Bongo Band in 1972, which produced an album that was the soundtrack for that year's ''The Thing with Two Heads'', consisting of remakes of instrumental songs from the 1950s and 1960s given a characteristic funk style, and achieving a hit with "Bongo Rock" with King Errisson on bongos and Jim Gordon on drums in a remake of a 1959 song by Preston Epps. That success led Viner to produce ''Bongo Rock'', another album for the group, that included "Apache", a remake of the instrumental which was originally a 1960 UK hit for The Shadows and in 1961 a US hit for guitarist Jørgen Ingmann. Decades later, hip hop artists started sampling the Incredible Bongo Band recording, with the percussion breakdown from "Apache" appearing in songs by DJ Kool Herc, L.L. Cool J and Nas, as well as Moby. Among the artists he signed at MGM Records was Debby Boone, who would have a hit in 1977 with "You Light Up My Life".〔 Viner married actress Deborah Raffin in 1974〔 (they divorced in 2005).〔Michael Hiltzik, ("Fiction Genre Fits Big Pharma" ), ''Los Angeles Times, October 27, 2005.〕 He and Raffin opened Dove Books-on-Tape in 1985 in the garage of their Coldwater Canyon home. Viner had won an $8,000 bet in a backgammon game with the author Sidney Sheldon; rather than taking the money, Viner asked Sheldon to let him publish two of his books as audiobooks. Although Viner became known for publishing sensational tabloid-style books such as ''You'll Never Make Love in This Town Again'' and Faye Resnick's book about Nicole Brown Simpson, among Dove's first successes was the audiobook of Stephen Hawking's ''A Brief History of Time''. The company grew to become a serious competitor of the more established publishers in the audiobook business.〔〔Bernard Weinraub, ("Profile: Michael Viner and Deborah Raffin; Selling Books to a Generation That Won't Sit Still" ), ''The New York Times'', February 28, 1993.〕 After suffering some financial setbacks, Viner and Raffin sold Dove in 1997,〔Scott Collins, ("Dove Entertainment Founders Leave Firm" ), ''Los Angeles Times'', June 12, 1997.〕 and later obtained a large legal malpractice judgment against their own lawyers relating to this transaction,〔Michael Hiltzik, ("It's a Safe Bet That He'll Sue in This Town Again", ) ''Los Angeles Times'', June 2, 2003.〕 but after a lengthy appeals process, the judgment was overturned.〔Kenneth Ofgang, ("After Remand From Supreme Court: C.A. Rejects Bid to Reinstate Huge Legal Malpractice Judgment ), ''Metropolitan News-Enterprise'', April 26, 2004.〕 They founded New Millennium Entertainment, which filed for bankruptcy after a jury ordered it to pay $2.8 million in a highly publicized lawsuit with author and editor Otto Penzler.〔David D. Kirkpatrick, ("Hollywood Publisher Seeks Bankruptcy After Losing Suit" ), ''The New York Times'', September 11, 2003.〕 In 2005 Viner established another company, Phoenix Books.〔〔Jonathan Bing, ("Viner rises again with Phoenix Books" ), ''Variety'', June 20, 2005.〕 Viner sold Phoenix to Dwight D. Opperman in 2007〔Diane Garrett, ("Opperman acquires Phoenix" ), ''Variety'', November 20, 2007.〕 but stayed on as its president.〔("Phoenix Books' Michael Viner Dead at 65" ), ''Publishers Weekly'', August 10, 2009.〕 Viner died in Beverly Hills, California at age 65 on August 8, 2009, due to cancer.〔 The 2013 documentary ''Sample This'' recounts the story of Viner and The Incredible Bongo Band.〔Odie Henderson, (Review of ''Sample This'' ), RogerEbert.com, September 13, 2013.〕〔Francois Marchand, ("Breaking down Apache (with video): New film Sample This examines ‘national anthem of hip-hop’ recorded in Vancouver" ), ''The Vancouver Sun'', November 15, 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Michael Viner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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